Georgian London http://www.georgianlondon.com Most recent posts at Georgian London posterous.com Tue, 07 Feb 2012 06:31:00 -0800 Event: A Coffeehouse Tour http://www.georgianlondon.com/event-a-coffeehouse-tour http://www.georgianlondon.com/event-a-coffeehouse-tour

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Dr Matthew Green is rather passionate about coffeehouses, and coffee history.  So passionate, in fact he wrote his PhD on the subject.  On Saturday, he'll be leading a very unusual tour of the City seeking out Georgian London's coffeehouses.  It starts at 2.30pm in St Michael's Churchyard, Cornhill and lasts 90 minutes.  I don't think I can reveal much more without giving the game away, but it's 'interactive' and promises to be both interesting and exciting.  It costs £8 and includes at least one shot of coffee brewed in the eighteenth century fashion.  You can hear a sample of the dashing Dr Green warming to his subject here, take a peep at the route here (wrap up warm, for Heaven's sake), read a summary of the tour here, and book here.  Great subject, great host, and something a little bit different from the usual City walking tours.  

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Fri, 03 Feb 2012 04:48:00 -0800 Review: A Grim Almanac of Georgian London http://www.georgianlondon.com/review-a-grim-almanac-of-georgian-london http://www.georgianlondon.com/review-a-grim-almanac-of-georgian-london

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The History Press were kind enough to send me A Grim Almanac of Georgian London by Graham Jackson and Cate Ludlow.  Cate's obsession with the darker side of history is evident in the large collection of horrific crimes and painful deaths she and Graham have put together in this excellent book.

Some of these tales were familiar, but there are plenty of new ones and I found myself reaching for a notebook and pen as I went along.  The book is well-produced and illustrated with rare images from the authors' collections.  This is not cosy reading, and the tales of domestic violence, infanticide, beatings, drownings and gory unsolved mysteries means it's best tackled piecemeal, but that is also one of the best things about it.  The authors have also put each case in context, and brought the characters to life as far as the details of the cases allow.  Because it's an almanac, sources are cited only rarely, so it's a 'reading book' not a reference book, but none the worse for that.

From the man who cut out his wife's tongue for 'telling lies' about him to children falling under wagons to pub brawls, the pace is relentless and reflects the authors' enthusiasm for their subject.  I was going to write more about this book, but there really isn't any need to: it's fun (really!), fascinating, and will tell even the most ardent Georgian London enthusiast something new.  I loved it.

 

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Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:36:00 -0800 At the Harp and Hoboy: John Walsh, Music Publisher http://www.georgianlondon.com/at-the-harp-and-hoboy-john-walsh-music-publis-96061 http://www.georgianlondon.com/at-the-harp-and-hoboy-john-walsh-music-publis-96061

Where has the time gone?  First there was Christmas, then these book thingys which seem to keep you very busy indeed.  Then, as some of you know I ended up in hospital this month for a brief, if unexpected engagement with a morphine drip.  Also, gas + air, useless or what?  So it's been a rather topsy turvy month and I have neglected poor Georgian London.  However, no longer, as the blog will now be the recipient of the things which couldn't be crammed into the book.  It's not second rate, oh no! - most of these characters will still be in there, but they will have smaller parts than the extrapolated versions you'll see here.  I hope they will give you a taste of things to come later this year. 

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Whilst there can be no doubt George Frederick Handel defined popular music in London in the early part of the eighteenth century in London, the secret of his success was not confined to his patrons or his charitable leanings.  

 

Immediately upon his arrival in London, Handel formed a relationship with John Walsh who had risen to prominence as music-maker-in-ordinary to William and Mary but was a man with an eye to the future.  Since 1647, John Playford had been publishing sheet music and the company had passed to his son Henry.  Henry was old-fashioned, focussing on traditional pieces, often for large-scale entertainments and Playford’s was in decline.

 

John Walsh saw that there was a demand for the new music people heard at parties and events not only to be circulated to professional musicians who would then play it at other events, but for people to play at home.  This catered for a large group of amateur musicians amongst all classes of Londoners.  From the lady in her drawing room to the fiddler on the street, Walsh imagined there was a demand for this new music, not just the traditional or folk compositions.  He was right.  

 

Walsh started publishing in 1695 and was soon innovating: using cheap and quick-to-work pewter instead of copper and punches for notes to speed things up.  He had instant success, but his real opportunity presented itself when Handel appeared on the scene.

 

Handel came to London in 1711 with the ink still wet on his opera Rinaldo, which he had been engaged to write for performance in the 1710-11 season at the Queen’s Theatre, Haymarket.  Aaron Hill, the manager, had decided upon an ‘Italian’ season, and Handel was the man to deliver, his reputation already known in the city.  Opera was relatively new to London’s sophisticated set and attempts to establish an English style were damp squibs in the main.  Rinaldo - a consciously Italianate opera written by a German - was an instant hit.

 

Rinaldo was played by Nicolo Grimaldi, the Neapolitan castrato who would enjoy such a productive relationship with Handel - between them they established Italian opera in the popular taste.  Debuting on February 24th, 1711 it was a sell-out, with two extra dates being added on at the end.  Addison and Steele attacked it in The Spectator, pouring scorn on the idea of a foreign language performance and the clumsiness of the production yet the very appearance of an Italian opera in The Spectator, the journal of the thinking man on the street, meant opera had arrived in popular culture.  

 

Handel’s success was assured in many ways but his relationship with Walsh, who quickly published Rinaldo, cemented his accessibility with all levels of Londoner.  They tapped into a ready market and by 1716 Walsh was importing and exporting music through Amsterdam in partnership with the Huguenot Estienne Roger.  Walsh even launched two music periodicals aimed at competent and interested musicians:The Monthly Mask of Vocal Music and Harmonium Anglicana.  

 

Despite their success, Walsh and Handel would quarrel and the flow of his sheet music was sometimes sporadic, but when Walsh’s son, also John took over the business as a twenty-one year old he had the advantage of having known the composer since he was a tot and was probably young and deferential enough for a great artist now in his heyday.  In 1739, Handel granted John the monopoly on his sheet music for the next fourteen years, ensuring a steady and good quality supply of his compositions.

 

Handel is the iconic composer of the first half of the eighteenth century in London, but it was the Walsh family who made him beloved of the common man, and ensured his works were heard constantly in homes across the city, the country and Europe.

 

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Thu, 08 Dec 2011 03:51:00 -0800 Guest Post: The Gin Lane Gazette http://www.georgianlondon.com/guest-post-the-gin-lane-gazette http://www.georgianlondon.com/guest-post-the-gin-lane-gazette

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That mischievous cartoonist and scribe Ade Teal is featured on pioneering publishing project Unbound at the moment with his most excellent Georgian miscellany The Gin Lane Gazette.  It's all very exciting and today Ade is guest posting on what the Gazette is about and why he's so in love with the Georgians.

In his declining, debt-ridden years, Beau Nash, the Master of Ceremonies at Bath, was looked after by his devoted mistress, the feisty and improbably-named Juliana Popjoy. When he eventually hopped the twig, she was so distraught that she lived for the rest of her days in a hollow tree. And there, in a nutshell, is what I love about the 1700s: everything was done with a great deal of commitment and panache. Today, a C-lister will leave her cage-fighter boyfriend, and inevitably it is splashed across the cover of a glossy rag: ‘So-and-So Tells of Her Pain.’ However much ‘pain’ they claim to be suffering, they don’t often renounce the world and live in a tree. 

 

The Georgians make today’s hell-raisers look like teetotal milksops. The eighteenth century gave us boozy Prime Ministers and party leaders who settled their political differences with duels in Hyde Park (when they weren’t gambling, or writing essays about farting); peers of the realm who had the unburied corpses of their cherished mistresses sat at their dinner tables; and celebrity courtesans who ate 1,000-guinea banknotes stuffed into sandwiches, simply to make a point. Before it was dashed from their lips by Victorian party-poopers, our Georgian forebears drank deep from the cup of life. 

 

So, how best to recapture some of the spirit of this gloriously dissipated and star-studded epoch? This question dogged me for some time, after it was suggested to me by John Mitchinson – co-creator of the BBC’s hit panel show, QI, the book spin-offs of which I have supplied with cartoons – that I should write and illustrate an historical tome. A lovely thought, but there is so much to enjoy about the 1700s that tying it all together in an original and exciting format seemed an impossible task.

 

Then, one day, I was reading a biography of William Cobbett, the Regency-period newspaper editor and author, when it struck me that a journalistic approach would be just the ticket. Why not illustrate and write about these disparate events as if they have just happened? The eighteenth century was both the first great age of newspapers and the golden age of caricature, after all. And books are still the best kind of virtual reality that we have, to my way of thinking. Could I generate virtual Georgian reality with words and pictures? An idea was born.

 

John was in the process of setting up his crowd-funded publishing venture, Unbound, and given the quirky, esoteric nature of the project I had in mind, it seemed the obvious road down which to push my newspaper cart. An accord was reached, and Unbound is now the book’s kindly and encouraging Fairy Godmother.

 

The GIN LANE GAZETTE will be a compendium of illustrated highlights from a fictional newspaper of the latter 1700s: a kind of Georgian Heat magazine, if you like. It will contain some of the most sensational headlines and true stories of the period, generated by many familiar figures from history during their more unguarded moments. The presses will be presided over by inky-fingered hack, Mr. Nathaniel Crowquill, the editor and proprietor, whose premises are located in Hogarth’s chaotic Gin Lane, and who has devoted fifty long years to sniffing out bawdy scandal and intrigue with which to titillate his London readership. His drunken acolyte, the rascally Mr. Jakes, supplies merciless caricatures and engravings, which disport themselves across every page. Sports reports, obituaries, fashion news, courtesans of the month, and advertisements for bizarre - and often alarming - goods and services will also feature in a riotous mélange of metropolitan mayhem. 

 

I have spent fifteen years producing cartoons for clients as diverse as The Sunday Telegraph, Jongleurs, and History Today, and have set out to combine my experience in journalistic caricature with my deep love of history in this – I believe - unique and evocative way. In the process, I hope to give readers an authentic flavour of the exuberance, self-confidence, debauchery, bravery, villainy, inventiveness, and eccentricity which characterize the Georgian world. 

 

Prithee honour this beguiling Endeavour, apt to adorn any ATHENAEUM of the Annals of Ages, with YOUR WORSHIPS’ most gracious Patronage. Or alternatively, buy it here.

 


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Fri, 02 Dec 2011 02:02:00 -0800 Homeopathy: A Most Extravagant Conceit http://www.georgianlondon.com/homeopathy-a-most-extravagant-conceit http://www.georgianlondon.com/homeopathy-a-most-extravagant-conceit

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The following is from medical doctor John Hogg’s book, London As It Is, published in 1837:

One of the most extravagant conceits ever promulgated in connexion with the healing art, was started by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, at Leipsick, about fifteen years ago, under the name of HOMEOPATHY.

The acknowledge principle in medicine is - “Contraria contrariis curantur” - that fevers, for instance, require cooling remedies, and that cold and numbness should be met by warm stimulants.  This idea is declared to by Hahnemann to be utterly erroneous; his doctrine is, that every irregularity in the system is a natural effort, and ought to be encouraged; to give effect to his notion, he administers to the invalid such medicines as would induce corresponding symptoms in a healthy individual, in fact, alcohol is the remedy for fever, and ice for ague; he admits that the remedies must be employed very sparingly, that the millionth part of a grain or a drop, is a full dose; that a brain fever at Greenwich (after the fair) might be cured by making the patient drink out of the Thames, into which a glass of gin had been thrown an hour previous at London-bridge!  

Glaring as this absurdity is, it has found some proselytes in London, but they have principally been among the aged of the softer sex.  

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Sun, 13 Nov 2011 13:59:00 -0800 Your Favourite Historian http://www.georgianlondon.com/your-favourite-historian http://www.georgianlondon.com/your-favourite-historian

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Sun, 13 Nov 2011 07:11:00 -0800 Art: Why I'm Proud to be a Shuffler http://www.georgianlondon.com/art-why-im-proud-to-be-a-shuffler-23682 http://www.georgianlondon.com/art-why-im-proud-to-be-a-shuffler-23682

 

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‘Every major art exhibition is always the same.  The ticket holders go in with their expensive tickets, and with their guide-books and ear-phone sets, and they look and they stare, and then they shuffle along and look and stare again.’

 

When the lovely @davidallengreen posted about the dreary didacticism of London's expensive art gallery exhibitions yesterday I read with interest and thought hard.  I am exceptionally lucky: I live in central London and have the opportunity to attend the exhibitions which take my fancy.  Some are better than others, but I go for the ‘Art’ and to see what I think.  
 

When I go to an exhibition I get the audio guide.  Having spent my wallet-stabbing 10-15 Great British Pounds I might as well.  And let’s not beat about the bush: ‘Art’ in the drying brushstroke or the horrifically-expensively-insured-flesh has never been for people who cannot pay to see with either in money or patronage.  Vermeer’s domesticity was not for the people, but his patrons and sometimes his friends. Their viewing of his pictures was influenced by what they knew of his household, and their own comparable set-ups.  They knew about the troublesome wife, the money problems, even down to the exquisite light of Delft’s famously clean and minimalist interiors.  They did not need the caption.
 

Likewise, one of David’s favourite portraits, that of Cecilia Gallerini by Leonardo da Vinci.  Cecilia was the mistress of Ludovico Sforza, one of Leonardo’s patrons and Duke of Milan.  She was educated in law, politics and art and held salons for Italy’s elite with her lover, twenty years her senior.  She was fifteen when Ludovico asked Leonardo to paint this portrait.  She would have to make way for his career and spend much of her life shunted from pillar to post but the ermine represents her purity, her elegant hand art, her face intelligence and a conceived idea of beauty.  It was displayed in her household during her lifetime, long after the affair was over.  This is a picture of a girl, like Elizabeth I at the same age, who understood men of ‘much wit but little judgment’.   It never fails to make my heart ache.

 

This picture demonstrates why knowledge is the key.  David is a lawyer, steeped in years of learning and experience of what comprises the law but art is no different: talented artists are born but it takes years to become proficient at drawing and painting.  Modern art claims a moment in time caught in swathes of paint which our gut identifies as positive or negative, and one to which we are all entitled.  It is largely conceived by men and women who did not need but wanted art.  This mechanism is notionally selfish and so, as invited voyeurs we might take what we want from it.  But the art of the 'masters' is one which asks for knowledge of who they were and what they hoped to gain from their work.  Smudges of Leonardo's fingerprints have been identified in Cecilia's face and hair.  They cannot be seen by just gazing at the picture, nor can the heartbreak of her life been seen in her fifteen year old face.  Older art tells a story to which we are not entitled, but might catch a glimpse if we are told.  We need the captions. 
 

They might be written by dry, disconnected curators or earnest interns with no idea what we might want to see on the wall.  Often, they are.  The internal workings of museums can make chronic hiatus hernia look like a holiday.  Frequently, the headset drones on with the voice of a twenty-first century patron, dispersing monotone largesse to the grunts who file through in their obedient masses.  

 

When looked upon as such, these exhibitions and that headset are shit value for money; they are the rich and entitled establishment doing their bit.  But their bit involves liaising with the museums, curators, shippers, insurance companies, banks, trusts, porters, interns, guides and visitors.  It involves people who know the minutiae of what there is to know about Cecilia Gallerani’s life trying to write a caption for people with only the barest understanding of the Renaissance.  That 20 quid, give or take, lets you into another world for the few hours you want it.  Those captions might not provide an instant and visceral connection to the cracked and oil-daubed piece of canvas in front of you but our interior worlds are private and precious, and who is to say what the middle-aged shuffler in front of you gains from Cecilia’s face.

 

Which in turn leads to my other main bone of contention with David’s article: ‘Any artist who puts any effort whatsoever into writing the caption, or the catalogue or sales "explanation" of their work, has no business calling themselves an artist’.  Total horseshit.  Leonardo had to explain himself to Cesare Borgia and Raphael to the Pope.  On a slightly more recent note I have hugely enjoyed Grayson Perry’s exhibition at the BM, Tomb of the Unknown Craftsman to which he has contributed not only his own art but multi-media ‘captions’.  Artists who do not, or cannot explain themselves are usually of the most mediocre order.  

 

To decry these exhibitions, and those who pay their money and file around the course is to sneer at anyone who wants to learn, to understand why great art was made and why.  It’s like sneering at the girl who queued up to see the Mona Lisa twenty years ago, heart in her mouth, garbage translation of the Musée du Louvre's catalogue clutched tightly in her hand.  

 

 

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Fri, 11 Nov 2011 23:49:00 -0800 Nominate your Favourite Historian and Favourite History Book Poll http://www.georgianlondon.com/nominate-your-favourite-historian-and-favouri http://www.georgianlondon.com/nominate-your-favourite-historian-and-favouri

On November the 11th, History Today magazine released an online poll for the most influential historian, and most influential history book of the last 60 years.  Those nominated for the most influential historian are the famous white male historians of the 20th century, and the books all 'big picture' take on Europe or Russia, or historical theory.  Most of them have influenced each other, either positively or negatively, with some such as Fernand Braudel and Hugh Trevor-Roper, or E.H. Carr and Richard J. Evans adhering to the same schools of thought.  It's not that they aren't great or influential historians or books, but.....where are the historians who've explored the previously dim corners of social or domestic history?  Where are the women?  Where are the books that get you by the throat and drag you through time?  

For me, they aren't on that list, and it seemed so for a lot of others.  So, the Georgian London blog is hosting an alternative Favourite Historian and Favourite History Book poll.  There's no antagonism, I'm just curious to see what the nominations will bring.  There's no specific period or specific area of study.  I'm not looking to make an all female list either, I just want your nominations for the historian and the book that has influenced you.  If you only want to nominate in one category, that's fine too.  

Please put your nominations in the comments here, and I'll add them in as we go along, or you can tweet me with the hastags #FavoriteHistorian and #FavoriteHistoryBook (I'll check on both English and American spellings, so don't sweat it too much, but the Broadside is archiving the American spelling), or email lucy at georgian london dot com.  The lists so far (and I'm still compiling), in no particular order, look like this.

Favourite Historian

  • Natalie Zemon Davis
  • Robert Burke
  • John Grenville
  • Robert Scribner
  • Lyndal Roper
  • Joan Wallach Scott
  • Linda Colley
  • Sheila Fitzpatrick
  • David Kynaston
  • Dror Wahrman
  • Raphael Samuel
  • AJP Taylor
  • Christopher Hill
  • Richard J. Evans
  • Pietro Corsi
  • Ronald Syme
  • Roy Porter < It took a long time, people!
  • Samuel Eliot Morison
  • Alvin Jackson
  • R.F. Foster
  • Marianne Elliot
  • Mike Duncan
  • Margo Todd
  • E.P. Thompson
  • Mary Beard
  • Eric Hobsbawm
  • Howard Zinn
  • Dorothy George
  • Amanda Vickery
  • Eric Grove
  • Charles Boxer
  • N.A.M. Roger
  • Pat Thane
  • Stephen Nissenbaum
  • John Dower
  • Peter Bailey
  • Jackson Lears

Favourite History Book

  • The Family, Sex and Marriage by Lawrence Stone
  • Life in the English Country House by Mark Giruoard
  • The Origins of the Second World War by AJP Taylor
  • Theatres of Memory and Island Stories by Raphael Samuel <A popular dark horse
  • History of the Revolution in England, 1688 by Sir James Mackintosh
  • Gender and the Politics of History by Joan Wallach Scott
  • The Return of Martin Guerre by Natalie Zemon Davis
  • Roman Revolution by Ronald Syme
  • Web of Empire by Alison Game
  • The Making of the Modern Self by Dror Wahrman
  • The Prospect Before Her by Olwen Hufton <Getting a lot of votes
  • Imagine Communities by Benedict Anderson
  • New Towns of the Middle Ages by M.W. Beresford
  • Engage the Enemy More Closely by Corelli Barnett
  • The Friend by Alan Bray
  • Building the Devil's Empire by Shannon Dawdy
  • Albion's Seed by David Hackett Fischer
  • Thinking With Demons by Stuart Clark
  • The Columbian Exchange by Alfred Crosby
  • Edge of Empire by Maya Jasanoff
  • The Open Empire: China to 1600 by Valerie Hansen
  • The Fall of the Roman Empire by Peter Heather
  • Ecclesiastical History of the English People, by Bede
  • The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain by N.A.M Roger
  • Our Island Story by Henrietta Marshall
  • Ireland: A History by Robert Kee

 

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Thu, 13 Oct 2011 02:06:00 -0700 Book Review: The Music Trade in Georgian England http://www.georgianlondon.com/book-review-the-music-trade-in-georgian-londo http://www.georgianlondon.com/book-review-the-music-trade-in-georgian-londo

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I have been lucky enough to receive a review copy of The Music Trade in Georgian England, edited by Michael Kassler and published by Ashgate. 


Well, where to start?  The depth of knowledge displayed by the contributors to this book is impressive and the reader comes away with a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of music production, sale and reproduction in Georgian England.  Make no mistake, this isn’t for anyone wanting a light read: it’s 576 pages of densely packed and heavily footnoted information.  But what GEMS.  From self-publishing artists like Purcell to the complexities of the musical instrument market, this book has it covered.  Mr Kassler is to be congratulated on the production of such a rigorous and readable work, for the bombardment of detail doesn’t lapse into the tedious or showboating.  It’s clear, decently illustrated (black and white) where appropriate and with explanations about music which if the reader is at all musical will make perfect sense.  

 

There is only one fault with this book and that’s the price, which is £60 on the cover.  I want to be very clear in saying that I think this book is well worth the money.  It’s the best book on music in Georgian London (it is Londoncentric) I’ve encountered.  If you were to buy one, this one should be it. But £60 is a lot of money.  It’s available for £57 from the necessary engine of Mr Amazon and if it sells well the price will drop.  I hope so, as this work deserves a wide audience amongst historians and musicians alike.

 

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Fri, 07 Oct 2011 12:07:00 -0700 For Ada Lovelace Day: Eleanor Coade http://www.georgianlondon.com/for-ada-lovelace-day-eleanor-coade-48670 http://www.georgianlondon.com/for-ada-lovelace-day-eleanor-coade-48670

In 1769, Eleanor (sometimes Elinor) Coade arrived in Lambeth from Lyme Regis, bringing with her one of Georgian London’s forgotten wonders: Coade stone, or as she called it Lithodipyra.  She had been born in 1733 to a family of ceramicists, and to a father who couldn’t stay solvent.  He died in 1769 and in the same year, she and her mother, also Eleanor arrived in Narrow Wall, Lambeth, taking over an artificial stone foundry from one David Picot who retired or left the business two years later.  

 

There had been a history of artificial stone being made in the area, with Richard Holt being a pioneer from 1720 onwards, but the Coades had a secret.  Their stone was finer and more durable than anyone else’s.  They made it to a secret formula, which they guarded during their lifetimes.  The younger Eleanor Coade was the brains behind the formula and she took on the term ‘Mrs’, although she never married.  

 

Coade soon became the stone to have, due to their imaginative and life-like modelling.  Their sculptors were drawn from not only Britain but also some of the talented foreigners working in London at the time, such as John de Vaere who would later work for Wedgwood.  You could commission what you want, or choose from their catalogue, now in the British Museum.

 

Coade is an incredibly durable fake stone and it stays clean and isn’t eaten by pollution.  These things were not necessarily so important when it was made, but it could be made into very fine decoration, which was perfect when the Adam brothers began to decorate London in the 1770s and 1780s.  An unmarried woman with her own business, Eleanor Coade would go on to become the Georgian London’s greatest ceramic artist.  She took on her cousin John Sealy as a partner in 1799, by which time she would have been ready to retire.  She died in Camberwell in 1821, a devout Baptist and the recipe for the stone died with her but the secret ingredient has since been identified: ground ceramic.

 

Amongst London’s extant Coade is the castrated lion on the south side of Westminster Bridge, the Twining’s tea shop front and Captain Bligh’s tomb in St Mary’s Churchyard, Lambeth.

 


 

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Thu, 15 Sep 2011 23:33:00 -0700 An Epitaph, by a Friend http://www.georgianlondon.com/an-epitaph-by-a-friend http://www.georgianlondon.com/an-epitaph-by-a-friend

Tomorrow I'm giving a walkie-talkie at Sir John Soane's Pitzhanger Manor-House for Open House Weekend 2011.  I have lots of thoughts about Soane and his ruthless pursuit of success and his cold perfectionism, but the memorial to his wife, which was created as a marble tablet for his house in Lincoln's Inn Fields never fails to move me.  There's just the small, niggling voice in the back of my head that hopes she knew how he felt before she died.  Or was it, like everything else in the house, just for show?


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Mon, 15 Aug 2011 12:07:00 -0700 'An eccentrical lady': Mrs Griggs of Bloomsbury http://www.georgianlondon.com/an-eccentrical-lady-mrs-griggs-of-bloomsbury http://www.georgianlondon.com/an-eccentrical-lady-mrs-griggs-of-bloomsbury

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'Died, 16th January 1792, at her house, Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, Mrs. Griggs. Her executors found in her house eighty-six living and twenty-eight dead cats. A black servant has been left £150 per annum, for the maintenance of herself and the surviving grimalkins. The lady was single, and died worth £30,000. Mrs Griggs, on the death of her sister, a short time ago, had an addition to her fortune; she set up her coach, and went out almost every day airing, but suffered no male servant to sleep in her house. Her maids being tired frequently of their attendance on such a numerous household, she was induced at last to take a black woman to attend and feed them. This black woman had lived servant to Mrs. Griggs many years, and had a handsome annuity given her to take care of the cats.'

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Sun, 07 Aug 2011 07:14:00 -0700 Tottenham: Never do anything when you are in a temper, for you will do everything wrong. http://www.georgianlondon.com/tottenhams-loss-nobodys-gain http://www.georgianlondon.com/tottenhams-loss-nobodys-gain

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Tottenham developed rapidly from a small village during the Georgian period, into a place of cheap housing for ordinary workers in the Victorian period. It was much influenced by the railways and built to be inhabited by people who were never far from the breadline. They did, however, live in a time when there was an abundance of work for the unqualified and unskilled, even if it was poorly paid. As a predominantly Victorian settlement Tottenham has many buildings typical of Victorian England’s sturdy efforts at public architecture and some of the commercial buildings date from early in Tottenham’s history.  Tottenham has continued to attract people because of cheap housing and the chance to live amongst familiar voices whilst remaining close to central London and it saw diverse ethnic groups arrive before the end of the nineteenth century. Many of the communities which settled and continue to occupy these traditionally poor areas are those which have the strongest internal ties. And many of these communities are now struggling with unemployment and the consequences of poverty and poor education.  

One of the early residential/commercial terraces is the burnt out shell pictured here. There are still some of this type of building in Hackney and Dalston, but they don’t fit with modern requirements and have been phased out over the last thirty years along with some of the traditional housing, making way for new developments. Developments such as the experimental Broadwater Farm Estate, the likes of which scar many of London’s Windrush settlements.

It’s unlikely, I know, that the people who took part in burning these shops and homes last night will care about the effect their actions will have on the heart of Tottenham. What does it matter to them if ugly boxes replace the many buildings from different periods which made up a street as varied as the people who shopped there? The majority of the buildings destroyed last night which have appeared in the news are the older ones (1840-1930). They informed Tottenham’s built history and looked back to a time when Tottenham, though always a low income area, was a place full of working families and a large community living in attractive if modest housing with decent municipal buildings.  Recent investment from English Heritage in the restoration of some Tottenham High Road shopfronts reflected the presence of buildings important to our knowledge of commercial architecture, but also the history of people in Tottenham. Last night's riots will not only fragment the community in the short term, but increase a sense of dispossession and alienation in the long term. The importance of the built environment to people’s investment in their communities is consistently underestimated.

I hope the people left homeless, without their premises or injured by the riots are soon back on their feet, both physically and financially. But the urban fabric is not unimportant and its loss shouldn't be neglected, no matter how lowly. Listening to the news today, all I am hearing is how the work of the past 25 years has been undone. Wrong, the work of the last century and a half has been undone. I don’t mourn the loss of these buildings as a sentimental lover of old bricks, but I see their destruction and know it to be a loss to the spirit of Tottenham itself.

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Wed, 13 Jul 2011 04:07:00 -0700 Instructions to Apprentices on Leaving the Foundling Hospital http://www.georgianlondon.com/instructions-to-apprentices-on-leaving-the-fo http://www.georgianlondon.com/instructions-to-apprentices-on-leaving-the-fo

Foundling_hospital

Hospital for the Maintenance & Education of Exposed & deserted Young Children, in Lamb's Conduit Fields.

INSTRUCTIONS to _____ upon being put Apprentice to ____ of _____ on the ___ Day of ___ in the year 17__ who on the ___ Day of ____ was ____ years old. _____ is to serve h__ till ____ years old.

YOU are placed out Apprentice by the Govrs. of this Hospital. You were taken into it very young, quite helpless, forsaken & deserted by Parents & Friends. Out of Charity you have been fed, clothed, and instructed; which many have wanted.


You have been taught to fear God, to love Him, to be honest, careful, laborious, and diligent. As you hope for Success in this World, and Happiness in the next, you are to be mindful of what has been taught you. You are to behave honestly, justly, soberly, and carefully in everything, to everybody, and especially towards your____and Family; and to execute all lawful Commands with Industry, Chearfulness, and good Manners.


You may find many Temptations to do wickedly, when you are in the World; but by all means fly from them. Always speak the Truth. Tho' you may have done a wrong thing, you will, by a sincere Confession, more easily obtain Forgiveness than if by and Obstinate Lye you make the Fault the greater, and thereby deserve a far greater Punishment. Lying is looked upon to be the Beginning of everything that is bad; and a Person used to it is never believed, esteemed, or trusted.


Be not ashamed that you were bred in this Hospital. Own it; and say that it was thro' the good Providence of Almighty God that you were taken care of. Bless Him for it; and be thankful to those worthy Benefactors who have contributed towards your Maintenance and Support. And if ever it be in your Power, make a grateful Acknowledgment to the Hospital for the Benefits you have received.


Be constant in your Prayers, and going to Church; & avoid Gaming, Swearing and all evil Discourses: By this means the Blessing of God will follow your honest Labours, and you will also gain the Good-Will of all good Persons. If you follow the Instructions which had all along been taught you, and which we now give you, you may be happy; otherwise you will bring upon yourself Misery, Shame, and Want.

Note, Your Master will provide you Meat, Drink, Washing, Lodging, and Clothing: And he has agreed to pay you Five Pounds a year, for the Three last years of your Apprenticeship.

Devised 17th of April, 1754

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Tue, 12 Jul 2011 09:31:00 -0700 Book Giveaway: The Jane Austen Handbook http://www.georgianlondon.com/book-giveaway-the-jane-austen-handbook http://www.georgianlondon.com/book-giveaway-the-jane-austen-handbook

Jahandbookcover

A new guide to 'Proper Life Skills from Regency England'. This little hardback book covers every part of life as a Jane Austen heroine. It's a gift book rather than factual history, but would make fun reading for anyone having a go at their first historical fiction (and writing about a nice middle class English girl, of course). To win the copy I have here, tell me in the comments your favourite Austen heroine, and why.

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Fri, 08 Jul 2011 06:01:00 -0700 In Memory of Percy Bysshe Shelley 4th August 1792-8th July 1822 http://www.georgianlondon.com/in-memory-of-percy-bysshe-shelley-4th-august http://www.georgianlondon.com/in-memory-of-percy-bysshe-shelley-4th-august

Fileshellystonerome
Outsider, pacifist, vegetarian, selfish inconsistent git, burning talent, a remarkable man.  His ashes are interred in the Protestant cemetery in Rome, not far from John Keats.  Cor Cordium

 

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Sun, 03 Jul 2011 04:09:00 -0700 Response to Tristram Hunt's 'Guardian' Article http://www.georgianlondon.com/response-to-tristram-hunts-guardian-article http://www.georgianlondon.com/response-to-tristram-hunts-guardian-article

Beowulf

 

Morning! I'm not sure how the land lies on reproducing large chunks of a national newspaper on here, but I'm sure someone will tell me off pronto if I'm not allowed to.  This morning Tristram Hunt has an article in the Guardian about 'online history' and how for him, nothing compares with time spent in the archive.  The article itself is subtitled as a comment on the new British Library-Google venture, but it's more of a general opinion piece on the nature of research.  There are points on which I agree with him, but there are aspects of this article I take issue with.  If you care, this is why (warning: contains mild swears and apoplexy). 

'It was discovered in 1907, walled up in a cave on the Silk Road in Dunhuang, north-west China, where it had lain untouched for 900 years. The Diamond Sutra, dated "the 13th of the fourth moon of the ninth year of Xiatong" or 868AD, is a sacred text of the Buddhist faith and one of the hidden treasures of the British Library. Or not so hidden, as it can now be downloaded as a smartphone app.'

What part of this is bad?  Why should the BL have 'hidden treasures'?  It's the BRITISH LIBRARY, for the people.  Also, this is a document clearly too fragile to be handled by all the people who might like to look at it.  I don't want to look at it, but the idea that it is now a smartphone app is rather pleasing.  History belongs to everybody.  

'The ubiquity of history has taken another huge step forward with the BL-Google tie-up putting some 250,000 books online. An astonishing range of texts from 1700 to 1870, covering the French Revolution, the Enlightenment, the early days of empire and the Industrial Revolution, will soon be accessible via Google Book Search. From a Mumbai coffee-shop or Australian air terminal, we will all be able to mull over such wonders as George-Louis Leclerc's 1775 treatise, The Natural History of the Hippopotamus, or River Horse.' 

History IS ubiquitous.  At least for me it is, and probably for Mr Hunt and anyone else who spends much of their time researching the past.  But it isn't ubiquitous for the children in our schools, many of whom can't see the point of dusty old books when they can spend time on shiny screens.  Anything that gets people looking at the past, and thinking about it just a little bit can only be A Very Good Thing.  Furthermore I'd far rather be sitting in a terminal with Leclerc than with the offerings from the airport bookshop.

'The Google partnership signals an undoubted advance for scholarship. For the arrival of search engines has transformed our ability to sift and surf the past. What once would have required days trawling through an index, hunting down a footnote or finding a misfiled library book can now be done in an instant. Want to find a reference by Marx to Gladstone? Not a problem at www.marxists.org. Want to find the chattels left by Georgina, Duchess of Devonshire? The onlineDictionary of National Biography has the answer.'

Yes, it is an advance for scholarship, but more importantly, for readership.  And yes, those DAYS of trawling through indexes, giving yourself that special library headache, the one that makes your face vibrate.  Remember those?  So far, so positive.  Marxists, marvellous, but the ODNB is a subscription site, available only to paying members or through an institution/local library and Amanda Foreman's entry on Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire contains no mention of her chattels, only her 'debts of many thousands' at the time of her death.  This belittles game-changing projects such as Old Bailey Online.  And unless Google is now making cyborg librarians it's still impossible to find a misfiled library book through Google. 

'This techno-enthusiasm should not come as too much of a surprise. For all their fusty reputation, historians are very keen on short cuts for interpreting the past. In the 1970s, the "econometricians" embraced IBM mainframes as a way of crunching data on development. In the 1980s, it was all about placing the Domesday Book on CD-ROMS. Now, no museum experience is complete without an accompanying app, while GPS has transformed battlefield studies. Historians have also fallen for the blog, a perfect vehicle for the lifeblood of gossip, envy, malice and "constructive criticism" that keeps history happening.'

The second sentence is a disturbing comment on fellow professionals.  Regardless of that, imagine the JOY of being able to enter endless, ant-like numbers pertaining to your economic history dissertation and get a meaningful visual rendering such as a chart or graph, allowing you to present it to someone who is not quite so familiar with the financial climate in the Hook of Holland 1740-1748.  Ah yes, the gossipy, envious, malicious history blogs.  Where are these blogs? History blogging isn't Popbitch, it's http://roy25booth.blogspot.com/ and http://mercuriuspoliticus.wordpress.com/   

'Yet when everything is down-loadable, the mystery of history can be lost. Why sit in an archive leafing through impenetrable prose when you can slurp frappucino while scrolling down Edmund Burke documents?'

Because that isn't patronising AT ALL IS IT.  Excuse me for a moment whilst I lose myself in the vacuity of my own existence just enough to fit in with this image of someone who uses online documents.

'But it is only with MS in hand that the real meaning of the text becomes apparent: its rhythms and cadences, the relationship of image to word, the passion of the argument or cold logic of the case. Then there is the serendipity, the scholar's eternal hope that something will catch his eye. Perhaps another document will come up in the same batch, perhaps some marginalia or even the leaf of another text inserted as a bookmark. There is nothing more thrilling than untying the frayed string, opening the envelope and leafing through a first edition in the expectation of unexpected discoveries. None of that is possible on an iPad.'

Yes, original documents are tremendous.  I snivelled in the loo in Chichester after finding a (boring) letter from Shelley in a packet of correspondence about interior decoration belonging to a Derbyshire family.  Getting the hang of reading centuries-old handwriting through familiarity with epistolary convention and sentence construction is a satisfying accomplishment which takes time and dedication.  Original documents are a pleasure, a privilege and treasure.  They are also a fecking nuisance when you've traipsed all the way to Countytown and the very thing you wanted, had called up about and were told would be there is now being withheld because it is too fragile.  This also happens with secondary sources when the periodical you were sure you had to see about the export of dried food stuffs to Jamaica to bolster slave diets has gone off for rebinding and will be back in a month or so.  I will also thank my lucky stars if I never ever again see the joyless hole that is Colindale.  Yes, I did track down the commissioning of that Arts and Crafts casket in the end, but it nearly cost me my eyesight and my sanity.  Not to mention time and money.

'In a lecture, Peter Hennessy recently described the historian's craft as akin to the cryogenic trade – warming up the frozen history of the archive until it began to talk. Such a delicate procedure is usually best performed by hand.'

Prudent use of sources is key.  Old papers may quicken the blood, but it is harnessing the strongest team to the carriage that will get us where we need to go.  The idea that history is somehow demeaned by popular access is silly, like a child crabbing their arms around their times-tables.  

There. I feel better.  And leave you with two examples of where digital has been used to mine the archives for the forces of good.  

William Cowper's poem of 1788, The Negro's Complaint is often quoted regarding the abolitionist movement.  Rarely is the point made that it was in fact, created as part of a simplistic textbook intended to teach the evils of slavery on a basic level, probably to children, but this is instantly apparent by the BL's putting it online.  This is an important subject of interest to many thousands, few of whom will have the opportunity physical access to the original text.  Now they do, and can see it in context.

Stanford's mapping of the Republic of Letters.  A thing of beauty.

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Fri, 01 Jul 2011 01:26:00 -0700 More writering - Shortfire Press http://www.georgianlondon.com/more-writering-shortfire-press http://www.georgianlondon.com/more-writering-shortfire-press

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The pioneering Shortfire Press are featuring a short story by....me! It's about summer, and revenge. It costs 99p to download, but you can check out a free preview here. Needless to say I'm very chuffed to be in such esteemed company. And not a little astonished.

I'm also experimenting with a new website all about...me. Honestly, it's a funny thing to have to create, like doing double hands up at little school.

If you do download the story, or visit the website, I'd love to hear what you think. Drop a comment or send me an email. Thanks.

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Thu, 30 Jun 2011 03:28:00 -0700 Review: The Politics of Space in Regency London at the ICA http://www.georgianlondon.com/review-the-politics-of-regency-space-at-the-i http://www.georgianlondon.com/review-the-politics-of-regency-space-at-the-i
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Last night I took part in a panel at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, on the Politics of Space in Regency London.  My fellow panellists were Pablo Bronstein, the artist whose current exhibition Sketches for Regency Living inspired the debate, Steven Parissien, architectural historian, author, and curator of Compton Verney, and Professor Tim Hitchcock, author and the man behind putting the Old Bailey Proceedings online.  We were most ably chaired by Paul Stock of the LSE.

Well, what to say?  It was brilliant fun, if I do say so myself.  This is a brief write up on the things we covered.  For ‘politics of space’, read ‘what was public space? what was private space? how were they used?’  The public spaces we discussed were Regent’s Park, which was never really designed as ‘public’ - Nash meant everyone who lived in the villas there to be under the illusion that they were in their own private park; it was only towards the end of the Regency that it was given over to the people, roughly when the Zoo moved in.  Tim and Steven debated how as the concept of the private home grew, and wealth grew, and Crown glass was replaced with transparent plate glass c1810 (they can see in), the notion of protecting the home also grew, resulting in basement areas and railings, as well as external shutters and an explosion in the home security business.  Pablo and Tim and I debated the politics of the body itself, and how postures became more natural, less forced, even as the architecture around London became more rigid and Classical (think of Lawrence and Romney and the relaxed postures seen in their sitters in contrast to earlier in the eighteenth century).  We all talked about the place of the poor in street scenes - rarely seen before the Regency period, but by the 1820s becoming more accepted as part of the ‘human architecture’ of London.  We also discussed Regency colour, building methods, sexuality, portraiture, interior design, domestic servants and Robert Adam’s continuing influence as well as communal latrines and mussel shells (don’t ask).  

It was a great pleasure to be part of a group so lively, knowledgeable and full of ideas.  The questions showed just how much everyone in the audience knew, which made it even better.  I was also deeply impressed by the couple in the front row who slept right through the whole hour and a half, and by the video installation of naked women in stiletto heels which was playing behind Steven the whole time.  Tim and I weren't distracted by it at all.  As usual, I managed to fulfil my remarkably largely quota for malapropisms.  It’s a wonder I’m let out in public to be honest.  

If you came, and I know some of you did because I spoke to you afterwards, thank you very much for making it such a good evening.  Pablo's exhibition is on at the ICA until the 25th of September.  Go see.

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Fri, 24 Jun 2011 11:35:00 -0700 Politics of Space in Regency London at the Institute for Contemporary Arts http://www.georgianlondon.com/politics-of-space-in-regency-london-at-the-in http://www.georgianlondon.com/politics-of-space-in-regency-london-at-the-in

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Next Wednesday, the 29th of June, I will be taking part in a panel at the ICA on The Politics of Space in Regency London. The panellists are artist Pablo Bronstein (whose work on Regency space forms the current exhibition), architectural historian Steven Parissien and urban historian/historian of Poor London Professor Tim Hitchcock. And me. It will be chaired by Paul Stock of the LSE. The idea of the evening is to have a lively, informed discussion about how domestic and public space was created and used in London during the Regency. Questions from the floor will be invited and encouraged, so there'll be plenty of opportunity to get involved, and less of us holding forth but instead pulling the subject apart with your help. Tickets are available here.

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